Normal-tension glaucoma (NTG) is a unique form of glaucoma where optic nerve damage occurs despite normal intraocular pressure (IOP). This condition highlights that glaucoma isn’t solely about elevated eye pressure but also involves factors affecting the optic nerve’s health and resilience.

The exact cause of NTG isn’t fully understood, but several risk factors have been identified. Reduced blood flow to the optic nerve is a key contributor, potentially linked to systemic conditions like low blood pressure, migraines, or vasospastic disorders such as Raynaud’s phenomenon. Genetics also play a role, with NTG being more prevalent in individuals of Asian descent or those with a family history of glaucoma.

NTG often progresses silently, with no pain or noticeable changes in vision until advanced stages. Subtle blind spots in peripheral vision may appear as the condition worsens. Diagnosis typically involves comprehensive eye exams, including optic nerve imaging, visual field tests, and measurements of corneal thickness and eye pressure.

Although IOP remains within normal ranges, lowering it further can help slow the progression of NTG. Treatments include medicated eye drops, such as prostaglandin analogs, and sometimes laser procedures like Selective Laser Trabeculoplasty (SLT). In severe cases, surgeries like trabeculectomy may be considered. Lifestyle modifications, such as managing systemic conditions, staying active, and maintaining healthy blood flow, are also beneficial.

Regular eye exams are crucial, especially for those with risk factors for NTG. Early detection and timely intervention are essential to preserving vision and preventing irreversible damage.

Understanding NTG emphasizes that glaucoma management goes beyond pressure control, focusing on comprehensive optic nerve health to safeguard sight for the future.